Data validator - CASRAI (2026)
A contributor whose role is to check the integrity, accuracy, completeness, and conformance to schema of a dataset before its use, deposit, or publication — including range checks, plausibility tests, cross-source comparison, and metadata verification.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reproducibility reviewer - CASRAI (2026)
A reviewer whose specific role is to verify that the computational, analytic, or experimental procedures reported in a manuscript can be re-executed by another party using the provided code, data, and instructions, distinct from a content peer reviewer.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Domain expert advisor - CASRAI (2026)
A subject-matter expert (clinical, technical, policy, lived-experience) who advises a research project on questions within their expertise — typically through formal advisory boards, steering committees, or focused consultations — distinct from co-authorship or formal investigator roles.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Indigenous-knowledge holder contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive contribution to research from Indigenous knowledge keepers, elders, or community members who hold and share traditional knowledge, ecological observations, language, or cultural expertise relevant to the research, in accordance with CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Citizen-scientist contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive contribution to research by members of the public participating as volunteers in data collection, classification, observation, analysis, or interpretation, distinct from being a study subject and distinct from professional research staff.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Patient-partner contribution (PPI) - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive input from patients, service users, carers, or members of the public into the design, conduct, analysis, or dissemination of health and care research — as partners in the research process rather than as study participants.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Lab leadership (supervision extension) - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive oversight of a research team or laboratory by a principal investigator or group leader, including scientific direction, resource allocation, mentoring, and accountability for research conduct, recognised under CRediT 'Supervision' and increasingly through narrative-CV team-leadership categories.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Equipment provision (resources extension) - CASRAI (2026)
The provision of specialised equipment, reagents, materials, animals, samples, or computational infrastructure that materially enabled a research output, captured under CRediT 'Resources' or in acknowledgements when the contribution does not include intellectual input on the work itself.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open-software contribution - CASRAI (2026)
The development, documentation, packaging, testing, or maintenance of research software released under an open-source licence, including authoring new code, contributing to existing projects, releasing reusable libraries, or operating long-term maintenance.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open-data contribution - CASRAI (2026)
The substantive work of preparing, documenting, depositing, and maintaining a research dataset in a FAIR-aligned open repository under a permissive licence, distinct from the original data collection.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Medical writer contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Professional writing assistance to drafting a biomedical manuscript by a person whose primary role is writing rather than research — including drafting, restructuring, language polishing, and preparing submission — disclosed transparently per Good Publication Practice (GPP) guidelines.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Statistical consultancy - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive statistical advice or analysis provided by a statistician to a research project — including study design, sample-size calculation, analytic plan, model selection, code, or interpretation — that materially shapes the research's quantitative findings.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Translator contribution - CASRAI (2026)
The intellectual work of converting a scholarly work from one natural language to another while preserving meaning, register, and technical accuracy, including the translator's own scholarly judgement on terminology, idiom, and disciplinary convention.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Mentorship contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Career, intellectual, or methodological guidance provided to a researcher (typically more junior) that shapes the conduct or development of their research, distinct from formal supervision (which has institutional authority) and from co-authorship (which requires direct work on the output).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Pre-submission feedback contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive intellectual input — comments, critique, suggested revisions, or methodological advice — provided by a colleague on a draft manuscript or proposal before it is submitted to a journal or funder, recognised in acknowledgements rather than as authorship.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Editorial contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Intellectual work performed in the role of editor for a scholarly venue — including soliciting submissions, selecting reviewers, synthesising review feedback, making accept/reject/revise decisions, and shaping the venue's scope and standards.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Peer reviewer contribution - CASRAI (2026)
The intellectual labour of evaluating a scholarly submission's validity, originality, significance, and clarity for a journal, funder, or conference, distinct from authorship and from editorial decision-making.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Technical staff contribution - CASRAI (2026)
Substantive technical work — laboratory technique, instrument operation, data acquisition, sample preparation, software engineering, or facility operation — performed by research-support staff (technicians, engineers, lab managers) that materially enables a research output.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Non-author contributor - CASRAI (2026)
An individual who made a meaningful contribution to a research output but is not listed in the author byline, typically because the contribution is partial (does not meet all authorship criteria) or because they declined authorship.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Acknowledged contributor - CASRAI (2026)
An individual whose contribution to a research output is recognised in the acknowledgements section rather than by authorship, typically because their contribution does not meet all four ICMJE authorship criteria but is substantive enough to warrant named credit.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Model versioning - CASRAI (2026)
The practice of identifying a specific revision of an AI model by name, version number, release date, or content hash, sufficient to uniquely distinguish it from earlier or later revisions that may behave differently on the same input.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Inference - CASRAI (2026)
The process of generating outputs from a trained AI model in response to inputs at runtime, distinct from training (which updates model parameters); for LLMs, inference is the production of completions from prompts.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Fine-tuning - CASRAI (2026)
The process of further training a pre-trained foundation model on a smaller, task-specific or domain-specific dataset, updating some or all parameters, to specialise its behaviour while retaining general capability.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) - CASRAI (2026)
An AI architecture in which an LLM is augmented at inference time with documents retrieved from an external corpus (often via vector similarity search), so that the model's outputs are grounded in retrieved evidence rather than relying solely on parametric knowledge.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI in literature search - CASRAI (2026)
The use of AI-powered discovery and retrieval tools (e.g. Elicit, Consensus, Scite, Undermind, Semantic Scholar's semantic-search features, or a general-purpose LLM queried directly) to identify, rank, filter, or synthesise relevant scholarly literature, as distinct from using AI to condense text a researcher has already found.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI in qualitative coding - CASRAI (2026)
The use of an LLM or other AI tool to assign codes, categories, or themes to qualitative data – interview transcripts, open-ended survey responses, field notes – either as a first-pass triage that a human coder then reviews, or, more controversially, as a sole or primary coder alongside or instead of a human.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI image generation - CASRAI (2026)
The underlying technical capability of a generative AI system to produce novel images from a text prompt or other input (text-to-image synthesis), as distinct from the separate question of whether a specific generated image is being used appropriately – disclosed and illustrative, versus undisclosed and presented as a real research result (see synthetic image).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI summarisation - CASRAI (2026)
The use of a generative AI system to condense a longer text – a paper, dataset documentation, meeting notes, or a set of retrieved sources – into a shorter form, typically preserving what the tool judges to be the key points while omitting detail, qualification, and nuance.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI translation - CASRAI (2026)
The use of an AI system – most commonly a neural machine translation model or a general-purpose LLM used for translation – to convert text from one natural language into another, applied to manuscripts, participant-facing materials, survey instruments, or informed consent documents.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI in editorial decisions - CASRAI (2026)
The use of AI or generative AI tools by a journal editor in the process of managing or deciding on a submitted manuscript – including drafting decision letters, summarising reviewer reports, or (in the position no major publisher currently permits) using AI output to make or substantially inform the accept/reject/revise judgment itself.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI in peer review - CASRAI (2026)
The use of generative AI by a peer reviewer in the process of evaluating a submitted manuscript, most consequentially by uploading manuscript text (in whole or part) to a third-party AI tool – an act that most major publishers now explicitly prohibit because the manuscript is confidential, unpublished material.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Generative-AI disclosure statement - CASRAI (2026)
A dedicated section in a manuscript — typically headed 'Use of Generative AI' or similar — that consolidates all disclosures of AI tool use across the work, including tools used, versions, sections affected, and the human authors' verification process.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI co-authorship rejection (ICMJE 2023) - CASRAI (2026)
The 2023 update to ICMJE's Recommendations stating explicitly that chatbots and generative AI systems cannot be listed as authors because they cannot satisfy any of the four ICMJE authorship criteria, in particular the requirement to be accountable for the work and to approve the version to be published.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Author responsibility (for AI use) - CASRAI (2026)
The principle that human authors retain full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, originality, ethical sourcing, and lack of plagiarism of all content in a scholarly work, regardless of which portions were drafted, suggested, or generated by an AI tool.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Acknowledgement (vs authorship for AI) - CASRAI (2026)
The convention, codified by ICMJE and COPE (2023), that AI tool use must be disclosed in the methods or acknowledgements section of a scholarly work rather than via the author byline or CRediT contributor list, because AI cannot satisfy authorship's accountability requirements.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Training data provenance - CASRAI (2026)
A documented record of where an AI model's training data came from – source, licensing basis, collection method, and chain of custody – as distinct from what the data actually contains (see training data composition) and from labelling the origin of a specific piece of AI-generated output (see AI provenance / C2PA).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Data leakage (training) - CASRAI (2026)
Contamination of an AI model's training corpus with data that should have remained held out for evaluation – most consequentially, public benchmark questions, answers, or test sets – which inflates the model's reported performance on that benchmark relative to its true generalisation ability.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI fairness - CASRAI (2026)
A contested normative criterion for evaluating whether an AI system's treatment of different groups or individuals is acceptable – not a single measurable property, but a family of mutually incompatible formal definitions (e.g. demographic parity, equalised odds, predictive parity/calibration) among which a system generally cannot satisfy more than one simultaneously whenever base rates differ across groups.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI bias - CASRAI (2026)
A measurable, descriptive property of an AI system's outputs: a systematic skew that produces unjustified differences in accuracy, treatment, or representation across groups, tasks, or contexts, arising from training data composition, algorithmic design choices, or deployment context – distinct from ai-fairness, a contested normative judgment about which disparities are acceptable.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Detection tool (AI-generated) - CASRAI (2026)
A software system that estimates the probability that a given piece of content – typically text, sometimes images – was produced by a generative AI system, usually by statistically analysing patterns in the content itself without any cooperation from or signal embedded by the original generator, as distinct from watermarking, which requires generator-side cooperation at the point of creation.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI provenance - CASRAI (2026)
The general practice of tracking and documenting the origin of AI-related content across the AI pipeline – covering both an AI system's inputs (see training data provenance) and the origin of a specific generated output (which model, version, and generation event produced it) – as distinct from any single concrete technical mechanism for asserting that origin.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Watermarking (AI output) - CASRAI (2026)
The embedding of a statistical, cryptographic, or visible signal into AI-generated content at the moment of generation, allowing later identification of that content as AI-produced – a proactive, generator-side mechanism, as distinct from a detection tool that infers AI origin after the fact without the generator's cooperation.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Synthetic image - CASRAI (2026)
An AI-generated or otherwise artificially fabricated image presented within a research context – most consequentially, an image standing in for genuine experimental or observational data in a publication (e.g. microscopy, blots, clinical imaging) without disclosure, which most journals now treat as a serious integrity breach distinct from disclosed, clearly-labelled illustrative use.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Synthetic data - CASRAI (2026)
Data generated artificially – via simulation, statistical modelling, or a generative AI system – to mimic the statistical properties of real data without any of its records corresponding to a real individual observation, used for privacy-preserving research, method testing, training-set augmentation, or teaching.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Hallucination - CASRAI (2026)
An output from a generative AI system that is presented confidently and fluently but is factually incorrect, fabricated, or unsupported by the input data or any verifiable source — including invented citations, non-existent authors, false statistics, and incorrect quotations.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

System prompt - CASRAI (2026)
A instruction set or context injected by an AI platform or application developer before any end-user input, configuring a model's persona, constraints, or behaviour for an entire session or deployment – typically invisible to and not authored by the end user, as distinct from prompt engineering, the user's own iterative practice of crafting their own input.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Prompt engineering - CASRAI (2026)
The practice of designing, refining, and structuring the input text (prompt) given to a generative AI system to elicit a specific desired output – including techniques such as role assignment, few-shot examples, chain-of-thought scaffolding, and output-format specification – considered here specifically for its reproducibility implications in research work, as distinct from system prompt, the separate, developer-set instruction layer a deploying application configures independently of the end user.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Generative AI - CASRAI (2026)
Artificial intelligence systems whose primary output is novel content (text, images, audio, video, code, or structured data) produced by sampling from a learned distribution, as distinct from discriminative AI systems whose output is a classification, score, or decision over existing inputs.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Large language model (LLM) - CASRAI (2026)
A neural-network model trained on large text corpora using self-supervised next-token prediction (or analogous objective), with parameter counts typically in the billions, capable of generating coherent text and performing a broad range of natural-language tasks without task-specific training.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI tool disclosure - CASRAI (2026)
A statement within a scholarly work that identifies which generative AI tools were used, the version, the scope of use (e.g., language editing, code generation, figure creation), and which sections were affected, sufficient for a reader to assess the AI's role.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI as author - CASRAI (2026)
The disallowed practice of listing a generative AI system (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude) in the author byline or contributor list of a scholarly work, on the rationale that AI cannot meet authorship criteria requiring accountability, agreement, and the capacity to take public responsibility.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI-generated content - CASRAI (2026)
Text, images, code, or other artefacts produced substantively by a generative AI system in response to a prompt, where the AI is the proximate source of the content rather than a tool refining human-authored material.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

AI-assisted writing - CASRAI (2026)
The use of a generative AI tool by a human author to draft, edit, paraphrase, summarise, or stylistically revise text where the human retains final editorial control and authorship responsibility.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Submission fee - CASRAI (2026)
Charge levied on author(s) upon submission of a manuscript to a journal, sometimes referred to as administrative or handling charges.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Subject repository - CASRAI (2026)
"Subject repository" is a synonym for domain repository: a repository organised by discipline or subject area rather than institutional affiliation. See the canonical domain repository entry for the full treatment.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Sharing - CASRAI (2026)
The extent to which a work, such as a publication, dataset, or other research output, can be discovered, accessed, and reused by people other than its author(s).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reuse license - CASRAI (2026)
A set of terms and conditions that facilitates the reuse of published information.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Researcher webpage - CASRAI (2026)
A webpage featuring a researcher's profile, which possibly may also provide links to their publications.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research funder - CASRAI (2026)
An organisation providing financial support for research activity. May be governmental, charitable or commercial. Such an organisation determines how funding is allocated for research and may have requirements for how the results of research are published, including open access (OA).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Repository - CASRAI (2026)
Repositories preserve, manage, and provide access to many types of digital materials in a variety of formats.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Read only - CASRAI (2026)
Online content or a system that can be viewed or downloaded by a user but not edited, modified, or deleted by them.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Pure gold journal - CASRAI (2026)
A pure gold journal is a scholarly journal in which every published article is open access from the moment of publication, with no subscription-only content or paywalled archive, distinguishing it from a hybrid journal (which mixes subscription and paid-open articles in the same title).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Publishing agreement - CASRAI (2026)
A legal contract between publisher and author(s) to publish written material by the author(s). This may involve a single written work, or a series of works.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Publish - CASRAI (2026)
A broad process or system that involves, at minimum, scholarship and writing, certification (most commonly via peer review), registration (commonly formal publishing in a journal or some other version of record), dissemination (awareness, making accessible, distribution), and archiving.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Publication permission - CASRAI (2026)
The circumstances under which copyright material may be used and where permission must be sought from the copyright holder.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Press embargo - CASRAI (2026)
A request by a source that the information or news provided by that source not be published until a certain date or certain conditions have been met.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Pre-print - CASRAI (2026)
"Pre-print" is a hyphenated spelling variant of preprint: a manuscript draft shared before formal peer review. See the canonical preprint entry for the full treatment.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Post-print - CASRAI (2026)
A manuscript draft after it has been peer reviewed.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Page charge - CASRAI (2026)
One of a number of supplementary charges imposed by some journals to cover the cost of publishing, and charged in addition to article processing charges (APCs).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open archive - CASRAI (2026)
A repository that is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and therefore facilitates the sharing of metadata for a variety of purposes, most notably the compilation tasks performed by aggregator databases.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open access - CASRAI (2026)
Making peer reviewed scholarly content freely available via the Internet.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open access mandate - CASRAI (2026)
A policy requiring publication of research in an open access format. The research author's institution, research funder or government may impose a mandate.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Open access journal - CASRAI (2026)
A journal that makes its articles immediately available online to the reader without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. All the articles in the journal are available open access.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Licence - CASRAI (2026)
In scholarly publishing, the legal terms under which a work — an article, dataset, preprint, or other output — may be reused, redistributed, or built upon, typically expressed as a Creative Commons licence attached at the point of publication or deposit.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Institutional webpage - CASRAI (2026)
A page hosted on an institution's own website, such as a departmental staff listing, research-group page, or faculty profile on the university's domain, that documents an author's affiliation with that institution.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Institutional repository - CASRAI (2026)
An online, digital collection of research outputs (see Repository) that are connected by their affiliation with a specific institution. Institutional repositories are most commonly associated with universities and other academic organisations, and so the contents of a single institutional repository may therefore cover a range of disciplines. An institutional repository may often be managed as part of a wider suite of services supporting scholarly communication, Open Access and Open Education.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Hybrid journal - CASRAI (2026)
A subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access at point of publication. This status typically requires the payment of a specific publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Green open access - CASRAI (2026)
A type of open access where a version of a publication is freely available via an institutional or subject repository, or other web-accessible digital archive, that is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Gold open access - CASRAI (2026)
The publisher version of a publication is immediately and permanently freely available for anyone with internet access to read or download from the publisher site at the point of publication.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Free to read - CASRAI (2026)
Free to read (gratis open access) means the full text of a published article can be read online at no cost to the reader, with no requirement that it also carry an open license permitting reuse — a narrower guarantee than open access under a Creative Commons license.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Fee waiver - CASRAI (2026)
Full or partial waiver for article processing charges (APCs) offered by some publishers to authors based in selected developing countries or low-income economies.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Embargo - CASRAI (2026)
Restriction of access to the content of a copy of a work for a defined period of time.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Document version - CASRAI (2026)
During the development of a document there are usually several iterations of the work. There are periods along the authoring process that can be identified as a specific identifiable point where the work can be identified as a specific version of the work.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Deposit - CASRAI (2026)
The action of uploading a digital copy of a work into a digital repository or similar service by the author(s) or their agent, together with metadata that, ideally, supports FAIR principles (Findable; Accessible; Interoperable; Re-usable).
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of start of embargo - CASRAI (2026)
The date that an embargo comes into force and from whence the length of the embargo period is counted. The start date of a period during which access to a document or file or record is restricted. This could be: “date of online publication” or “publication date” or “date of online availability” or “date of deposit”. This date and the triggering event to start the embargo are defined by the copyright holder or the repository governance or the law.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of publication - CASRAI (2026)
The date the work is made available to the public by a publisher, including by means of an electronic retrieval system; the earliest date the final version of record is made available on the publisher's website.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of online publication - CASRAI (2026)
The date that a work was first published on an online publishing platform. This may be before or after the publication date of the print version.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of online availability - CASRAI (2026)
The date that a work was first made available online. This may be before or after the publication date.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of first open access - CASRAI (2026)
The date that a work was first made publicly available on an Open Access (OA) basis. For example, this could be the date that a copy of the work was made live (discoverable) on an OA basis on a repository or may be triggered when an embargo period expires. It could also be when an work was available on a publisher web site, or elsewhere, on an OA basis.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of end of embargo - CASRAI (2026)
Date after which deposited items become available to read and download on the web. The date of the last day of an embargo period.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of deposit - CASRAI (2026)
Date on which a copy of a version of a work and its metadata is deposited in a repository (or equivalent). Not necessarily the same as the date that the work becomes discoverable. A period of time may elapse after deposit, but before the record is made publicly available during which the record may be checked for accuracy and compliance by repository administration staff and an embargo may be applied.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of compliant deposit - CASRAI (2026)
Date on which a copy of a version of a work and its metadata is in a repository (or equivalent) and meets the requirements of a mandate, policy, piece of legislation etc.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Date of acceptance - CASRAI (2026)
The day on which the publisher or evaluation institution or committee confirms formally that the article has been received from the author and no substantial changes to the content are required. Also the date on which the publisher tells the author that the article will be published and the article is ready to be processed for publication.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Copyright - CASRAI (2026)
A legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Copyright transfer agreement - CASRAI (2026)
A legal document containing provisions for the conveyance of full or partial copyright from the rights owner to another party.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Closed access - CASRAI (2026)
Restricting access to Internet content via a paid subscription; is often called a paywall.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Born open access - CASRAI (2026)
Commercial or non-profit publishers established for the sole purpose of publishing Open Access (OA) journals. They normally make use of the Creative Commons Attribution License for their publications. Authors usually retain their copyrights and users are needed to acknowledge and cite the authors in future references.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Author accepted manuscript - CASRAI (2026)
The version of a manuscript that has been peer reviewed and accepted by a publisher for publication, but has not yet been typeset, copy-edited, or assigned final pagination.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Article publication charge - CASRAI (2026)
An article publication charge (APC) is a fee levied by a publisher on an author, their funder, or their institution to publish an article, most commonly to fund open-access publication under an open license.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Article processing charge - CASRAI (2026)
Fee paid to journals to publish an article as open access.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Access - CASRAI (2026)
The continued, available for use, ongoing usability of a digital resource, retaining all qualities of authenticity, accuracy and functionality deemed to be essential for the purposes the digital material was created and/or acquired for. Users who have access can retrieve, manipulate, copy, and store copies on a wide range of hard drives and external devices.
dictionary_term; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reviewer Roles - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Review Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Classification - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Person ID Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Output Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Output ID Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Org ID Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Licence Types - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Field of Application - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Contributor Roles - CASRAI (2026)
picklist; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Working Paper - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Website - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Web Address - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Visual Artwork - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Video Recording - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Translation - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Trademark - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Topic - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Theatric - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Text Interview - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Test - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Technical Standard - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Team Capacity - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Supervised Student Publication - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Standard or Policy - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Spin Off Company - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Sound Design - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Signature - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Short Fiction - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Set Design - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Script - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reviewer - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reviewer Suggestion - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Review - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Review Subject - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research-based Degree Supervision - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Tool - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Technique - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Location - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Dataset - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Research Dataset Contributor - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Report - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Registered Copyright - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Reference - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Radio-TV Program - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Promotion-Tenure Assessment - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Risk - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Partner - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Participant - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Overview - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Milestone - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Info - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project HQP Training - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Project Budget - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Program Developed - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Professional Leave of Absence - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Professional Designation - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Principal Investigator - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Phone Number - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Personal Leave of Absence - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Person Info - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Performance Art - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Patent - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Other Study - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Online Resource - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Office Held - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Non-research Presentation - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Non HE Employment - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Newspaper Article - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Newsletter Article - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Musical Performance - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Musical Composition - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Mentoring - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Membership - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Manual - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Mailing Address - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Magazine Article - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Litigation - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Light Design - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

License - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Language Competency - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Journal Reviewing-Refereeing - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Journal Issue - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Journal Article - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Invention - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Internal OA Cost Application - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Institutional Review - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

In-kind Funding - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

HE Institution Employment - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Grant - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Grant Application Assessment - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Graduate Examination - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Funds Request - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Expert Witness - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Exhibition Catalogue - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Event Participation - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Event Administration - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0

Encyclopedia Entry - CASRAI (2026)
object_template; CASRAI Dictionary v2026.1; CC-BY 4.0